30 CE Helena of Adiabene, a vassal Parthian kingdom in Mesopotamia, converts to Judaism.
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26–36 CE Trial and crucifixion of Jesus by the Romans. 10 CE Hillel the Elder, considered the greatest Torah sage, dies, leading to the dominance of Shammai till 30 CE, see also Hillel and Shammai. 1st century CE 6 CE Province of Roman Judea created by merging Judea proper, Samaria and Idumea. 40 BCE–4 BCE Herod the Great appointed King of the Jews by the Roman Senate, replacing the Hasmonean dynasty with the Herodian dynasty. 63 BCE Pompey lay siege to and entered the Temple, Judea became a client kingdom of Rome. The Hasmonean kingdom expands outward to Idumea, Samaria, Perea, Galilee, and Gilead due to weakness and dissolution within the Seleucid Empire. 140–63 BCE The Hasmonean dynasty rules Judea. Later works that were included in the Greek translation of the Bible (the Septuagint) become known as the deuterocanonical books.
Jewish religious works that were explicitly written after the time of Ezra were not canonized, although many became popular among many groups of Jews. 150 BCE–100 CE At some point during this era the Tanakh ( Hebrew Bible) is finalized and canonized. 167–140 BCE The Maccabean Revolt against the Greek Syrian Seleucid Empire, led by Judas Maccabeus, resulting in victory and installation of the Hanukkah holiday. This story is considered apocryphal and created centuries later, perhaps in the early Hasmonean period, though. He shows Alexander the prophecy of Alexander's own life and conquests found in the Book of Daniel. 332 BCE? According to Josephus, Alexander visits Judea and seeks out the high priest Jaddus. 332 BCE Alexander the Great conquers Phoenicia and Gaza.
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